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Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Systematic Review

Systematic Review Question

What is the relationship between shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding and food allergies, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma?

Conclusion Statement

Moderate evidence mostly from observational studies suggests that, among infants fed human milk, shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding are associated with higher risk of asthma in childhood and adolescence. 

Limited evidence does not suggest a relationship between the duration of any human milk feeding and allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis in childhood. 

Evidence about the relationship between shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding and atopic dermatitis from birth to 24 months is inconclusive, and there is insufficient evidence to determine the relationship of shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding with food allergies throughout the lifespan; allergic rhinitis from birth to 24 months, in adolescence, or in adulthood; asthma in adulthood; and atopic dermatitis in adolescence or in adulthood.

Grade: Moderate – asthma in childhood and adolescence; Limited – allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in childhood; Grade Not Assignable – food allergies throughout the lifespan, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis outside of childhood, asthma in adulthood.