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Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Systematic Review

Systematic Review Question

What is the relationship between never versus ever feeding human milk and cardiovascular disease outcomes in offspring?

Conclusion Statement

Limited evidence suggests that never versus ever being fed human milk is associated with higher blood pressure, within a normal range, at 6 to 7 years of age. 

Evidence about the relationship of never versus ever being fed human milk with blood lipids in childhood was inconclusive, and there was insufficient evidence to determine the relationship of never versus ever being fed human milk with endpoint cardiovascular disease outcomes, blood pressure and blood lipids in adolescence or adulthood, metabolic syndrome, and arterial stiffness. 

Grade: Limited – blood pressure at 6 to 7 years of age; Grade Not Assignable – cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease-related mortality, blood lipids, arterial stiffness, metabolic syndrome, blood pressure at ages other than at 6 to 7 years.