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Systematic Review Question

What is the relationship between beverage consumption and growth, size, body composition, and risk of overweight and obesity?

Conclusion Statement

  • Milk: 
    • Limited evidence suggests that milk intake is not associated with adiposity in children. (Grade: Limited)
    • Insufficient evidence is available to draw a conclusion about the relationship between the type of milk (i.e., milk fat content, flavor) and adiposity in children. (Grade: Grade not assignable)
    • Limited evidence suggests that higher milk intake is associated with a greater increase in height compared to lower intake in children. (Grade: Limited)
    • Limited evidence suggests that milk intake is not associated with adiposity in adults. (Grade: Limited)
  • 100% Juice: 
    • Limited evidence suggests 100% juice intake in children is not associated with adiposity or height in children. (Grade: Limited)
    • Limited evidence suggests 100% juice consumption is not associated with measures of adiposity in adults. (Grade: Limited)
  • Sugar-sweetened beverages: 
    • Moderate evidence suggests that higher sugar-sweetened beverage intake is associated with greater adiposity in children. (Grade: Moderate)
    • Limited evidence suggests that higher sugar-sweetened beverage intake is associated with greater adiposity in adults. (Grade: Limited)
    • Insufficient evidence is available to determine the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverages compared with low- and no- calorie sweetened beverages on adiposity in children. (Grade: Grade not assignable)
    • Limited evidence suggests no association between sugar-sweetened beverages compared with low- and no- calorie sweetened beverages on adiposity in adults. (Grade: Limited)
  • Low and no-calorie sweetened beverages:
    • Limited evidence suggests no association between low- and no-calorie sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity in children. (Grade: Limited)
    • Limited evidence suggests that low- and no- calorie sweetened beverage consumption is associated with reduced adiposity in adults. (Grade: Limited)